Doudouling (version 2015)

Dodolingi (veson 2015)

an artificial language by Jian Huang
un atifizal ling pe mi
  1. Introduction
  2. Sample Passages
  3. Schema Detail
  4. Discussions
  5. Doudouling to English Dictionary
  6. English to Doudouling Dictionary
  7. Duplication analysis
  8. English translation (this document)
  9. Chinese translation
  10. Doudouling translation (reflective introduction)
  11. Doudouling in "wikia" site

Introduction

Principles: compress Latin words into C-V syllable

The main idea of my artificial language is to simplify Latin words into one-consonant plus one-vowel structure, wherein the one-vowel is permitted to be nasal. That is because we think this structure is the best for singing. Also, it is required to avoid adding too many extra syllables.

Most Latin word can be regarded as the structure below:

{s} {consonant} {r/l} {i/u} vowel {i/u} {consonant} {consonant}
We write it simple like below:
s C1 (r/l) S1 V S2 C2 C3
Our target is simplify this kind of structure into the one below:
C V (V can be nasal)

Part {s}

First, the {s}, the most popular combinations are {sp-}, {st-}, {sc-}, we convert them into a single consonant, respectively, {ph}, {th}, {ch}, their pronounciations are assigned as [w], [dz], [j] (or use [tʃ] (ch) alternatively) in order.
Examples: state => thate; spera=>phera; sport => phota; science => chienzo

Part {consonant 1}

Then, the {C1}, we simplify them into the legal consonants below:

b p m f v
d t n s z
g c h r l
Where, the pronunciations are assigned as, z to [ts] (from German), c to [k] absolutely, h to [ŋ] (ng) (may be not good, or use [ʃ] alternatively), r to [h] (from French, we avoid the hard-to-pronounce [r])
Some details can be considered in further improvement, but the main goal is to simplify them into a single and easy consonant.
One exception is that {pt} is converted to {b}.
Rules: ph => f; w => v; th => t; c ([s]) => z; q,k => c; x => ch; ch ([ʃ]/[tʃ]) => ch; j,y => g (via gi-); pt => b
Examples: photo => foto; wagon => vagon; cent => zente; center => zenter; aqua => aca; question => cethon; tank => tanco; xerox => cherose; china => china; japan => gapan; adopt => adoba

Part {r/l}

Then, the {r/l}, they will be removed. But, this will cause great loss of information and then create confusions. So a compensated vowel will appended at the end of the word. For {r}, {-o}; for {l}, {-u}:
Examples: tract => tato; train => teno; creat => ceato; glad => gadu; class => casu

Part {semivowel 1}

The {S1}, the semivowel before vowel are mostly useless and can be delete, except sometimes they appears in the stem of words, like piano and violet. We should seperate the word into to two C-V syllables, then an additional syllable is created.

Part {vowel}

The {V} is simple relatively. Just convert y => i.

Part {semivowel 2}

The {S2}, the semi-vowel after vowel. At this time, {V+S2} can be regarded as a diphthongue. We simplify all diphthongues into five legal combinations: {au}, {ai}, {ei}, {ou}, {oi}. Further, they are represented by {a}, {e}, {i}, {o}, {u) with a compensating {-i}
ao/oa => au => a ..-i; ae/ea => ai => e ..-i; ee => ei => i ..-i; oo => ou => o ..-i; oe/eo/eu => oi => u ..-i
Examples: cause => casi; daemon=>demoni; coffee => cofihi; moustache => mothachi; phoenix=>funisi; Europe => Uropi

Part {consonant 2}

The {C2} is a little complex, because three situations are to be considered:
First, if {C2} is {r} or {l}, it will be removed and need a compensating {-a}
Examples: depart => depata; alt => ata; culture => cutura; curt => cuta; court => cota
Second, if {C2} is {n} or {m}, it will cause the vowel into variation of nasal: aN, eN, iN, oN, uN
The {N} should used as {n} or {m} according to the following consonant, if {b},{p},{ph} or {m}, {N} is {m}; else {N} is {n}.
Examples: cant => canta; simple => simpu; autumn => atunni; environment => envirommento
Third, if {C2} is others, it will be removed and need a compensating {-e}
Examples: fact => fate; experiment (xp is treated as k+sp) => epherimente; sign => sine; dogmatic => domatice

Part {consonant 3}

Finally, for the {C3}, if the {C3} is the last letter of the latin word, we consider it to be an additional syllable.
Examples: construct => conthuto; verb => veba
Otherwise, an additional {-e-} is inserted.
Examples: partner => patenera

Ending and compensating

The principle of making rules for ending-vowels are making them diverse.
The appending rules are made for four situations as below. If a word fits two categories, the rules with higher precedency will be adopted.
For example, the word {tract}, a verb should be appended {-a}, but the removed {-r-} determines the ending-vowel to be {-o}, also the removed {-c} needs a compensating {-e}. The second one has higer precedency, so it finally became {tato}.

    Rules:
  1. Compensating
    removed -r- : -o
    removed -l- : -u

    compressed diphthong : -i

    removed -r / -l : -a
    removed double-consonant : -e
  2. Native
    if the root ends with a vowel
  3. Complement ( or natural )
    nominative (subject) noun : -o
    genitive (predicative) noun : -e
    accusative (object) noun : -o (alernatively: -a)
    plural noun : -i
    normal verb : -a
    (alernatively: past tense verb : -e) (prefer to use modal verb suffix {-ha})
    (alernatively: future tense verb: -o (prefer to use modal verb suffix {-va})
    (alernatively: continuous tense verb : -i (prefer to use modal verb suffix {-thin})
    (alernatively: passive voice verb : -u (prefer to use modal verb suffix {-pen})
    verb : -a
    adjective : -e
    adverb : -i
    preposition, conjunction : -e

Omitting last syllable

Because the last syllable sometimes bears little information, they can be omitted. The principle of omitting is: the appearing information is more than the omitted one.
At first, we observe the last syllable, and give score for consonant and vowel respectively, using the below table.
Score01234
ConsonantNone,h,m,n,ngs,t,r,lp,d,cb,g,f,v,zph,th,ch
VowelComplementCompensate -a,-eCompensate -o,-uCompensate -iNative
If the score of consonant or vowel is 4, so one should not omit.
Otherwise, we set the sum of scores of consonant and vowel. If the length after omitting is larger than the sum, one may omit the last syllable.
After omitting, the consonant still remain in spelling, but the accent does not change. The remaining {m}, {n}, {g} might modify the nasal pronunciation of the penultimate syllable.
An example: important => impotanta; CScore(t) = 1, VScore(-a) = 1, sum = 1 + 1 = 2, length(impotan) = 3 >= 2, thus: impotant.
Another example: provide => povido; CScore(d) = 2, VScore(-o) = 2, sum = 2 + 2 =4, length(povi) = 2 < 4, thus: povido.

Word choice

The Latin word we used are the words composed of Latin roots which appeared in English.

Accent

Accent falls at the vowel before the last consonant.

Sample Passages

For each group, the first line is Doudouling, the second line is Latin roots, and the third line is English meaning.
Note: the ending consonants are silent except {m} or {n}.

Titu  : Babel Tethe, Genesis, Bibu
title : babel text , genesis, bible
Title : Babel Text , Genesis, Bible

--------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
11:1

To  la    mundo the de un  ling     e   de un  parol .
tot illa  mund  est de un  lingu    et  de un  parol .
The whole earth was of one language and of one speech.

--------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
11:2

Can   vogag-lu       a  la   orental , ocure-go     ce   dichover-ha-lu   un
quant voyage-lor     ad illa oriental, occur-il     que  discover-hab-lor un
As    they journeyed east            , it happened, that they have found  a

panu  in la   tere de Chinar; e   viva-lu    idi  .
plan  in illa terr de Shinar; et  viv-lor    id   .
plain in the  land of Shinar; and they lived there.

--------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
11:3

Dit-lu    un  a  un ater, "Ven , ni    lase a  fe   le   tili , e   li  combutha
dit-lor   un  ad un altr, "ven , nostr lass ad fer  illa tile , et  lor combust
They said one to another, "Come, let's      make    bricks    , and burn them

entirementi." Ha-lu    peter po  tilo , e   usa-lu    la   tar po  la   motar .
entire     ." hab lor  petr  pro tile , et  use-lor   illa tar pro illa mortar.
thoroughly ." They had brick for stone, and they used the  tar for the  mortar.

--------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
11:4

Dit-lu   , "Ven , ni    lase conthuto  po  ni    un uba , e   un turet ,
dit-lor  , "ven , nostr lass construct pro nostr un urb , et  un turret,
They said, "Come, let's      build     us        a  city, and a  tower ,

sa    capit arive   a  la   zel , e   ni    lase fe   po  ni    un nom ;
se    capit arrive  ad illa cele, et  nostr lass fer  pro nostr un nom ;
whose top   reaches to the  sky , and let's      make us        a  name;

ezebe  ce  divid-pen-nu         a  uter  su    la   sufaza  de to  la
except que divid-prehend-nostr  ad ulter super illa surface de tot illa
lest       we    be   scattered abroad   on    the  surface of the whole

mundo."
mund ."
earth." 

--------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
11:5

Gehova dechend   a  vis  la   uba  e   la  turet , ce    le   infant   de hom
Jehowa descend   ad visa illa urba et  la  turret, que   illa infant   de hom
Yahweh came down to see  the  city and the tower , which the  children of men

conthuto-ha  .
construct-hab.
had built    .

--------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
11:6

Gehova dit , "Atenzon  , the-lu   un  popul , e   ha-lu     to   un  ling    ;
Jehowa dit , "attention, est-lor  un  popul , et  hab-lor   tot  un  lingu   ;
Yahweh said, "Behold   , they are one people, and they have all  one language;

e   the-zi   ce   origin-lu  a  fe . hotemp   nule   , ce    intend-lu
et  est-hoc  que  origin-lor ad fer. hoc-temp nul    , que   intend-lor
and this is  what they begin to do . Now      nothing, which they intend

a  fe , resithu-pen-va     de   li  .
ad fer, resist-prehend-vas de   lor .
to do , will be withheld   from them.

--------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
11:7

Ven , ni    lase dechend, e   ada   confus  lo    ling    ,
Ven , nostr lass descend, et  ad    confuse lor   lingu   ,
Come, let's      down   , and there confuse their language,

da   ne  pu-lu    compendo   la   parol  de un ater."
ad   neg lor-poss comprehend illa parol  de un altr."
that they may not understand one another's speech  ."

--------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
11:8

Da Gehova li  divid      uter   de   idi   a  la   sufaza  de to  la   mundo.
ad Jehowa lor divid      ultr   de   id    ad illa surface de tot illa mund .
So Yahweh scattered them abroad from there on the  surface of all the  earth.

Retha-lu de conthuto   la   uba .
repos-lor de construct illa urb .
They stopped building  the  city.

--------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
11:9

Ada       sa nom         apele-pen     co  Babel, ba      Gehova confus   la
ad        se nom         appel-prehend com Babel, ab      Jehowa confus   illa
Therefore the name of it was called    as  Babel, because Yahweh confused the

ling     de to  la   mundo, idi  . De   idi  , Gehova li  divid      uter
lingu    de tot illa mund , id   . De   id   , Jehowa lor divid      ultr
language of all the  earth, there. From there, Yahweh scattered them abroad

su    la   sufaza  de to  la   mundo.
super illa surface de tot illa mund .
on    the  surface of all the  earth.

2. Lord's Prayer

Titu  : Na    Pater
title : nostr patr
Title : Our   Father

--------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- ---------

Na    pater in la   zel,
nostr patr  in illa cel,
Our   fater in      heaven,

sant  the ta   nom .
sanct est tu   nom .
saint is  your name.

Ven  ta   regim  ,
ven  tu   regime ,
Come your kingdom,

fe-pen       ta   volunt,
fer-prehenad tu   volunt,
done         your will  ,

co  in la   zel e   su  tere .
com in ille cel et  sur terr .
as  in heaven   and on  earch.

Na    peri-di  pan   tu  don  hodi  .
nostr per-di   pan   tu  dont hoc-di.
Our   everyday bread you give today .

Padon-tu    na    debit,
pardon-tu   nostr debit,
Forgive you our   debts,

co  padon-ha-nu       na    debitor.
com pardaon-hab-nostr nostr debitor.
as  we have forgotten our   debtors.

E   tu  ne  ni    dute enter tembazon,
et  tu  neg nostr duc  entr  temptation
and you not us    lead into  tempation,

bo  ni    liberat-tu ether de malin.
ob  nostr liberat-tu extra de malign
but you us liberate  out   of malign.

Amen.
amen
Amen.

Schema

Alphabet Afabeta
B P PH M F V
D T TH N S Z
G C CH H R L
A E I O U
B P PH M F V
D T TH N S Z
G C CH H R L
A E I O U
Phonetics Fonetise
B b [b] b in book P p [p] p in pen PH ph [w] w in wall (!) M m [m] m in map F f [f] f in fall V v [v] v in vow
D d [d] d in dog T t [t] t in take TH th [dz] ds in words (!) N n [n] n in name S s [s] s in say Z z [ts] ts in gets (!)
G g [g] g in go C c [k] c in cat (!) CH ch [j] y in yes / [tʃ] ch in chin (!) H h [ŋ] ng in long / [ʃ] sh in shy (!) R r [h] h in how (!) L l [l] l in low
A a [ɑ] a in tomato E e [ɛ] e in set I i [i] i in fit O o [ɔ] o in dog U u [u] u in put
Note !: pronuncation need to be cautious
Syllable Structure Thuturo de silabu
[Consonant] Vowel (Nasal) [Consonanto] Vovelo (Nasale)
Accent Azente
If the last syllable is open in writing, accent lies in the penultimate syllable.
If the last syllable is not open in writing, accent lies in the last syllable.
Si la utima silabu the ovetura in chibo, la azente locata in la penutima silabu.
Si la utima silabu nega ovetura in chibo, la azente locata in la utima silabu.
Etymology Etimologi
1.Convert latin words into structure like following: {s} C1 {r/l} S1 V S2 C2
2.{s}: sp,st,sc=>ph,th,ch
3.C1: q,k=>c; ce/ci=>ze/zi; ch[ʃ,tʃ]=>ch; [ʒ/dʒ],y=>g; w=>v; x=>ch; ph=>f; th=>t; ch=>ch
4.{r/l}: delete, and moved to end-of-word as -o / -u
5.S1: deleted if not word stem; else separate to two syllables
6.V: just a e i o u, y=>i
7.S2: combine with V into variations: au, ai, ei, ou, oi. then convert to a, e, i, o, u with a compensating -i
8.C2:
8.a. C2:if {r} / {l}, remove and need a compensating {-a}
8.b. C2:if {n} / {m}, combine with V into nasal variations: aN, eN, iN, oN, uN
8.c. C2:else remove V and need a compensating {-e}
9.C3:create a separate syllable, which needs a ending-vowel
9.1. compensated: for -R-, -O; for -L-, -U; for diphthong, -I; for -R/-L, -A; for double-consonant, -E
9.2. native: native last vowel
9.3. complement: noun nominative -o; genitive -e; accusative -o (alternatively -a); noun plural -i; verb -a; (alternatively: verb past -e; future -o; continuous -i; passive voice -u;) adjective -e; adverb -i
Vocabulary Vocabulari
Words composed by latin roots which appeared in English words Le veba ce deriva de le Latin radi e ce apare in Engichu.
Pronoun Ponomo
SinglePlural
FirstSecondThirdFirstSecondThird
Nominativemitugo/ganuvulu
Accusativemetesenivili
Genitivematasanavolo
Main Words Capite Veba
theofandoroninforbywith
la, le(plural)deeosu, superainpopecon
thisthatwhowhatwhenwherewhyhowwhich
zi, ze, hozidi, ge, idicicecan, candau, ubipa, po-ceca, calecu, cuale
asundersoifthenbecausethoughalsofrom
co, comobu, subusisida, adaese, po, baconto, antire, encoriba, aba
manwomanhomedobemuchlittlemoremost
hon, homofemadomofe, ferathe, tha, ethamu, mutapaciche, eche, pusupim, pimo, mase

Discussion

thomasruhm: The word 'vogag' looks like it has hard 'g'. Can 'g' be soft in other words? thomasruhm: I see there is an affricate 'c', like the 'z' in 'ezebe'. In that case the 'sc' in 'dechend' changed to 'ch' before 'c' became 'z'. Padraic Brown: One thing was confusing: I had gotten the impression that he was getting rid of "hard to pronounce" sounds like [l] and [r], and yet his texts are replete with words like "parol". Padraic Brown: Another point of confusion was that he seems to have put himself through an awful regimen of mental gymnastics thomasruhm: Did you have the German and eastern European pronunciations in mind, when you decided that way of using and ?
  • No. Deciding the way of using and are simply to have one-to-one relationship between spelling and pronunciation
thomasruhm: The stress in words which originally have two consonants might contribute to the decision on which of them will have to be kept.
  • Yes, the stressed syllable in the original word have higher priority to be kept, and the compensating ending vowel for the stressed syllable is more likely be kept than non-stressed, because it conveys more signal.
Padraic Brown: (some questions about the order of picking words)
  • The language prefers Latin form than French form than English form
  • The reason is Latin form uses mostly the basic 5 vowels (a,e,i,o,u).
  • Although Latin distinguishes long and short vowels, but they do not make much difference.
  • French and English forms have more kinds of vowels besides the basic 5 vowels, and uses diphthong more frequently, which need more compensation and changes to fit them into C-V-n structures

Change Log

2004 Created
2014 Language changes
  • Move {eu} to {u} with compenstating {-i} from {a} with compenstating {-i}
  • Use modal verb suffixes, and make it optional to use natural ending-vowel
  • Change the score of {g} to 3 from 2
  • Add some better choices to main words
2014 Document changes
  • Font and color
  • Section names
  • Punctuations: use curved braces to replace quotation mark
  • Upper case and lower case
  • Add more examples
  • Use Unicode to show the phonetic symbols; Use UTF-8 encoding in Chinese version
  • Fix some wrong examples
  • Remove subjective sentences
  • Correct the phonetic annotation [a]=>[ɑ] [e]=>[ɛ] [o]=>[ɔ]
  • Add the translation of Doudouling
  • Add some discussion
2014 Language changes
  • Change {i-} to {g-}
  • Change {ch} [z] to {ch] [j]