peiin heouah ： yeei zhaeoong daii zhaeohhng meaaa lyueuhh daieeh huuahhn zuuihh leia deiing haiuahh fueang uuahhn 
miouhh beiiao 
huuahhn zuuihh yeouu booian meaaa yeei daouo douuihh yueing 
daii zhaeohhng meaaa lyueuhh 
youii peiin yuein wuaeihh jeii cheauu 
eiahhn zhioaohh huuahhn zuuihh daieeh quaiahn leiiaang gauehh baeii heouah ， joaia rauuhh leiiaang gauehh uueh waoaihh daieeh zuuihh moouu ， yaoohhng youii joiiahhng daii zhaeohhng meaaa lyueuhh 
saeuahhn fuuaa 
1 .   shaeeng cheaehng cauohng huuahhn zuuihh deoaohh peiin yuein daieeh yioihhng shaiehh beeiaao 
wuaeihh maeeei gauehh huuahhn zuuihh xaeuaan zeieh yeei gauehh peiin yuein ( shaiii yaoohhng shuauhh jeiuhh yuuuahn A haeeh shuauhh jeiuhh yuuuahn B ) 
roauh giouoo shuauhh jeiuhh yuuuahn B zhioong hauahn yeaoou guoai huuahhn zuuihh ， xaeuaan zeieh shuauhh jeiuhh yuuuahn B zhioong daieeh daeihh yeei gauehh peiin yuein 
roauh giouoo shuauhh jeiuhh yuuuahn B zhioong beauhh hauahn yeaoou guoai huuahhn zuuihh ， eaehr qioiee tuua yeaoou yeei gauehh 5 sheieng duoiaohh ( qeoing sheieng ) daieeh peiin yuein ， xaeuaan zeieh zhueehh gauehh peiin yuein 
feaoou zioeh ， xaeuaan zeieh zuuihh dioiaan shaiuhhn xueuhh daieeh daeihh yeei gauehh peiin yuein 
yaoohhng " y u " beeiaao sheeihh " ü " 
roauh giouoo peiin yuein muueih yeaoou yeeuahn yuein ， joaia rauuhh " e " :   " n g "   - >   " e n g " ,   " h n g "   - >   " h e n g " 
2 .   shaeeng cheaehng baeii heouah zuuihh moouu 
xaeuaan qeiuu quaiahn leiiaang gauehh baeii heouah ( shaiii yaoohhng shuauhh jeiuhh yuuuahn C ) 
roauh giouoo beauhh muuaan leiiaang gauehh baeii heouah ， zhaeohhng faeuhh daeihh yeei gauehh baeii heouah 
eiahhn zhioaohh xeiiahh meaiahhn daieeh zheouaan heiuahhn beeiaao ， beiaa leiiaang gauehh baeii heouah zheouaan heiuahhn wuaeihh leiiaang gauehh zuuihh moouu 
3 .   shaeeng cheaehng peiin yeiing meaaa 
beiaa leiiaang gauehh baeii heouah zuuihh moouu cheia rauuhh deoaohh daeihh yeei gauehh yeeuahn yuein zuuihh moouu zhuoi quaiahn 
eiahhn zhioaohh xeiiahh meaiahhn daieeh zheouaan heiuahhn beeiaao ， geien jeiuhh sheieng duoiaohh jeeihhn xaaihng xaiiu goeaai 
baeii heouah deoaohh zuuihh moouu daieeh zheouaan heiuahhn beeiaao 
baeii heouah 	 baeii heouah zuuihh moouu 
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| 	 i 
/ 	 a 
\ 	 u 
~ 	 o 
sheieng duoiaohh xaiiu goeaai beeiaao 
sheieng duoiaohh 	 xaiiu goeaai 
1   - 	 muueih yeaoou bueiahhn haiuahh 
2   / 	 zeaaihh ziouihh haaouhh yeei gauehh yeeuahn yuein zuuihh moouu haaouhh meaiahhn joaia rauuhh { h } 
3   v 	 zhaeohhng faeuhh zhueuu yeeuahn yuein zuuihh moouu 
4   \ 	 zeaaihh ziouihh haaouhh yeei gauehh yeeuahn yuein zuuihh moouu haaouhh meaiahhn joaia rauuhh { h h } 
5   . 	 zhaeohhng faeuhh zhueuu yeeuahn yuein zuuihh moouu ， zeaaihh ziouihh haaouhh yeei gauehh yeeuahn yuein zuuihh moouu haaouhh meaiahhn joaia rauuhh { h } 
shuauhh jeiuhh yuuuahn 
A .   huuahhn zuuihh cuoih pieihn haeeh peiin yuein   h t t p : / / l i n g u a . m t s u . e d u / c h i n e s e - c o m p u t i n g / s t a t i s t i c s / c h a r / l i s t . p h p ? W h i c h = M O   ( xeeiahhn daiaihh huuahhn yuouu duaan zuuihh pieihn lyueuhh leaiehh beeiaao   -   daeah joouhhn   ( j d a @ m t s u . e d u ) ) 
B .   chiuahng yaoohhng huuahhn zuuihh daieeh chiuahng yaoohhng peiin yuein   h t t p : / / z e i n . s e / p a t r i c k / 3 0 0 0 c h a r . h t m l   ( T h e   m o s t   c o m m o n   C h i n e s e   c h a r a c t e r s   i n   o r d e r   o f   f r e q u e n c y ,   b y   ©   2 0 0 3   –   2 0 0 9   P a t r i c k   H a s s e l   Z e i n   ) 
C .   huuahhn zuuihh baeii heiuahh   h t t p s : / / g i t h u b . c o m / Y Q - Y S Y / s t r o k e - s e q _ M B / b l o b / m a s t e r / t e x t / % E 5 % 8 D % 9 5 % E 5 % A D % 9 7 _ % E 7 % A C % 9 4 % E 9 % A 1 % B A % E 7 % A 0 % 8 1 _ 2 9 6 8 5 % E 4 % B 8 % A A . t x t   ( leuaih zaiihh   h t t p s : / / g i t h u b . c o m / Y Q - Y S Y / s t r o k e - s e q _ M B )