peiin hovuaz : yeei zwohongv dyii zwohongs mowav lhoyus dyiex hhhans zhhis loua deiing hwuuas fhoang ahhns muvus beiiao hhhans zhhis yovuv brrian mowav yeei dwvuo dvhuis yheing dyii zwohongs mowav lhoyus yrhiv peiin yhein whyeis jeii cowhuv aouns zuvhaos hhhans zhhis dyiex qhyianz leiiangv gyhes byeiv hovuaz , jryia rwhus leiiangv gyhes ehhz wwvais dyiex zhhis mvvuv , ywvongs yrhiv jriiangs dyii zwohongs mowav lhoyus swouans fhhav 1 . syeheng ceyhengz cwhongz hhhans zhhis dovaos peiin yhein dyiex yirings syihes beeiaov whyeis myeeiv gyhes hhhans zhhis xwouanv zeiez yeei gyhes peiin yhein ( syihiv ywvongs shwhus jouus yhhuanz A hyeez shwhus jouus yhhuanz B ) rvwuz guvuov shwhus jouus yhhuanz B zuvhong hwhanz yowouv ghvai hhhans zhhis , xwouanv zeiez shwhus jouus yhhuanz B zuvhong dyiex dyeis yeei gyhes peiin yhein rvwuz guvuov shwhus jouus yhhuanz B zuvhong bowus hwhanz yowouv ghvai hhhans zhhis , eeyrz qiriev thha yowouv yeei gyhes 5 seiheng dhriaos ( qering seiheng ) dyiex peiin yhein , xwouanv zeiez zhehes gyhes peiin yhein fowouv zirez , xwouanv zeiez zhhis dirianv swuhuns xhous dyiex dyeis yeei gyhes peiin yhein ywvongs " y u " beeiaov seehis " ü " rvwuz guvuov peiin yhein mhheiz yowouv yoouanz yhein , jryia rwhus " e " : " n g " - > " e n g " , " h n g " - > " h e n g " 2 . syeheng ceyhengz byeiv hovuaz zhhis mvvuv xwouanv qouuv qhyianz leiiangv gyhes byeiv hovuaz ( syihiv ywvongs shwhus jouus yhhuanz C ) rvwuz guvuov bowus mhhanv leiiangv gyhes byeiv hovuaz , jryia rwhus heiengz byeiv " - " " aouns zuvhaos xeiias meyians dyiex zovhuanv houuans beeiaov , bouav leiiangv gyhes byeiv hovuaz zovhuanv houuans whyeis leiiangv gyhes zhhis mvvuv 3 . syeheng ceyhengz peiin yeiing mowav bouav leiiangv gyhes byeiv hovuaz zhhis mvvuv couha rwhus dovaos dyeis yeei gyhes peiin yhein zhhis mvvuv zhrhi hwwous aouns zuvhaos xeiias meyians dyiex zovhuanv houuans beeiaov , zowais mooos wreeiv jryia rwhus seiheng dhriaos hwwous zvvhuis byeiv hovuaz dovaos zhhis mvvuv dyiex zovhuanv houuans beeiaov byeiv hovuaz dyeis yeei gyhes yoouanz yhein byeiv hovuaz zhhis mvvuv - i u e - a e o o | i u i | a e o u / i u y / a e o w \ a e i o u h ~ i u r ~ a e o v seiheng dhriaos dovaos zhhis mvvuv dyiex zovhuanv houuans beeiaov seiheng dhriaos zhhis mvvuv 1 - 2 / z 3 v v 4 \ s 5 . x shwhus jouus yhhuanz A . hhhans zhhis chriz pieinz hyeez peiin yhein h t t p : / / l i n g u a . m t s u . e d u / c h i n e s e - c o m p u t i n g / s t a t i s t i c s / c h a r / l i s t . p h p ? W h i c h = M O ( xeeians dwuais hhhans yhvuv dhwan zhhis pieinz lhoyus leyies beeiaov - dwoaz jvvuns ( j d a @ m t s u . e d u ) ) B . cuhhangz ywvongs hhhans zhhis dyiex cuhhangz ywvongs peiin yhein h t t p : / / z e i n . s e / p a t r i c k / 3 0 0 0 c h a r . h t m l ( T h e m o s t c o m m o n C h i n e s e c h a r a c t e r s i n o r d e r o f f r e q u e n c y , b y (C) 2 0 0 3 - 2 0 0 9 P a t r i c k H a s s e l Z e i n ) C . hhhans zhhis byeiv houuas h t t p s : / / g i t h u b . c o m / Y Q - Y S Y / s t r o k e - s e q _ M B / b l o b / m a s t e r / t e x t / % E 5 % 8 D % 9 5 % E 5 % A D % 9 7 _ % E 7 % A C % 9 4 % E 9 % A 1 % B A % E 7 % A 0 % 8 1 _ 2 9 6 8 5 % E 4 % B 8 % A A . t x t ( lohaiz zyiis h t t p s : / / g i t h u b . c o m / Y Q - Y S Y / s t r o k e - s e q _ M B )