Doudouling (version 2019)

Principles: compress Latin words into {C-V-N} syllables

The main idea of my artificial language is to simplify Latin words into the structure of one optional consonant plus one vowel plus one optional {n} or {m}. That is because we think this structure is the best for singing. Also, it should avoid adding too many extra strong syllables. And the spelling should be very close to the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). And the stress position should not impact the meaning of the word.

Step 1: simplify consonants and consonant clusters

Simplify consonants and consonant clusters to the consonants as below by the rules below.

Rules:

• {sp} => {ts};
• {st} => {dz};
• {sc} {sk} => {dz} (via {sti-});
• {pt} => {b};
• {ph} => {f};
• {w} => {v};
• {th} => {t};
• {c} ([s]), {x} (at the beginning of a word), {ch} ([ʃ]/[tʃ]), {ti} ([ʃ]) => {j};
• {j}, {y} => {g} (via {gi-});
• {q}, {c} ([k]), {ch} ([k]) => {k};
• {r} => {w};

For some complex clusters, add an {e} to split them, such as {partner} and {investment}.

Step 2: simplify vowels and diphthongs

Simplify the vowels and diphthongs as rules below.

Rules:

• {ao/oa} => {au} => {a};
• {ae/ea} => {ai} => {e};
• {ee} => {ei} => {i};
• {oo} => {ou} => {o};
• {oe/eo/eu} => {oi} => {u};

Convert vowel {y} to {i}; and drop some less important vowels.

Step 3: Compensate the lost sounds

If keeping only the consonant-vowel-nasal structure for each syllable, it often causes great loss of information and then create confusions. So we need to add some weak syllables before the last vowel to compensate the lost sounds.

• Treat the final {m} as {n} with a lost {b}
• If there is no dropping, compensate {u}
• If there is any dropping, add compensating letter combinations in the reverse order, according to the rule table as below.

Examples

The first column is Latin word. The second column is {CVN} structure after simplification. The third column is the sounds dropped. The fourth column is Doudouling word after compensation.

Word choice

The Latin word we use are the words composed of Latin roots which appear in English.

Stress

The stress is at the last vowel.

Center of a phrase

When a center word of a phrase is a single-syllable {C-V-N} word, it sounds not strong enough.
To make it sounds better phonetically, we add {u} before the vowel of the center word.
Examples {with me} => {ve mi} => {ve mui}; {who is he} => {ki dze go} => {ke dzue go}; {for this} => {po ji} => {po jui}; {the two} => {la du} => {la duu};

For each group, the first line is Doudouling; the second line is Latin roots; and the third line is English meaning.

Tituhe : Babuhe Tidzee, Genesiji, Bibuhe
title  : babel  text  , genesis , bible
Title  : Babel  Text  , Genesis , Bible

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11:1

Tiho la   muhin dze de u   liin     e   de u   pawuho.
tot  illa mund  est de un  ling     et  de un  parol .
The whole earth was of one language and of one speech.

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11:2

Du  vogia  he  lu  a  la   owientuha, okuwou he  go ke   didzovuwe ha  lu  u
dur voyage hab lor ad illa oriental , occur  hab il que  discover  hab lor un
As  they journeyed east             , it happened,  that they have found    a

puhan i  la   tuwe de la   Jinuwa; e   vuvi he  lu  di   .
plan  in illa terr de illa Shinar; et  viv  hab lor id   .
plain in the  land of      Shinar; and they lived   there.

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11:3

Dihi lu   uun  a  u  atuwowe, "Vuen , ni    lijea a  fuwe le  tuhi  , e   li  kombidzu
dit  lor  un   ad un alter  , "ven  , nostr lax   ad fer  ill tile  , et  lor combust
They said one  to another   , "Come , let's       make        bricks, and burn them

entiwemihen." Huva lu  la   tuhi  po  la   petuwe, e   utiliji lu  la   tuwa po  la   motuwowa.
entire     ." hab  lor illa tile  pro illa petr  , et  utiliz  lor illa tar  pro illa mortar  .
thoroughly ." They had      brick for      stone , and they used   the  tar  for the  mortar  .

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11:4

Dihi lu  , "Vuen, ni    lijea kondziheeju po  nuu   u  uvowu, e   u  tuwiheje
dit  lor , "ven , nostr lax   construct   pro nostr un urb  , et  un turret  ,
They said, "Come, let's       build       us        a  city , and a  tower   ,

sa    kapihi awuvowi a  la   juhe, e   ni    lijea a  fuwe po  nuu   u  nuvon;
se    capit  arrive  ad illa cele, et  nostr lax   ad fer  pro nostr un nom  ;
whose top    reaches to the  sky , and let's          make     us    a  name ;

edzuvoe ke  divihi ti  nu    a  utuwowe su    la   sufijeja de tiho la    muhin."
except  que divid  ten nostr ad ulter   super illa surface  de tot  illa  mund ."
lest        we be scattered  abroad     on    the  surface  of the  whole earth."

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11:5

Gehovua dedzihen  a  muwi la   uvowu e   la  tuwiheje, ke    le   infihan  de le  huvon
Jehowa  descend   ad mir  illa urb   et  la  turret  , que   illa infant   de ill hom
Yahweh  came down to see  the  city  and the tower   , which the  children of     men

kondziheeju ha .
construct   hab.
had built      .

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11:6

Gehovua dihi, "Atenjihon, dzue lu  u   popuhu, e   huva lu   tiho u   liin    ;
Jehowa  dit , "attention, est  lor un  popul , et  hab  lo   tot  un  ling    ;
Yahweh  said, "Behold   , they are one people, and they have all  one language;

e   dzue ji  ke   owiginiha lu  a  fuwe. je-tuven nuhu   , ke    intihen lu
et  est  hoc que  origin    lor ad fer . hoc-temp nul    , que   intend  lor
and this is  what they begin    to do  . Now      nothing, which they intend

a  fuwe, wesidzi ti  va   ba   luu .
ad fer , resist  ten vas  ab   lor .
to do  , will be withheld from them.

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11:7

Vuen, ni    lijea dedzihen, e   di    konfiju lo    liin    ,
Ven , nostr lax   descend , et  id    confus  lor   ling    ,
Come, let's       down    , and there confuse their language,

da   ne  piho lu  kompehihejen la   pawuho de u  atuwowe."
ad   neg pot  lor comprehend   illa parol  de un alter  ."
that they may not understand   one another's speech     ."

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11:8

Da Gehovua li  divihi     a  utuwowe de   dui   a  la   sufijeja de tiho la   muhin.
ad Jehowa  lor divid      ad ulter   de   id    ad illa surface  de tot  illa mund .
So Yahweh  scattered them abroad     from there on the  surface  of all  the  earth.

Widze lu     a  kondziheeju la   uvowu.
Rest  lor    ad construct   illa urb  .
They stopped building       the  city .

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11:9

Da        sa nuvon       apuhoe ti  ko  Babuhe, ba      Gehovua konfiju  la
ad        se nom         appel  ten com Babel , ab      Jehowa  confus   illa
Therefore the name of it was called as  Babel , because Yahweh  confused the

liin     de tiho la   muhin, dui  . De   dui  , Gehovua li  divihi     a  utuwowe
ling     de tot  illa mund , id   . De   id   , Jehowa  lor divida     ad ulter
language of all  the  earth, there. From there, Yahweh  scattered them abroad

su    la   sufijeja de tiho la   muhin.
super illa surface  de tot  illa mund .
on    the  surface  of all  the  earth.

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Tituhe : Na    Patuwe
title  : nostr patr
Title  : Our   Father

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Na    patuwe i  la   juhe  ,
nostr patr   in illa cel   ,
Our   fater  in      heaven,

sihan dze ta   nuvon.
sant  est tu   nom  .
saint is  your name .

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Vuen ta   weguvin,
ven  tu   regime ,
Come your kingdom,

fuwe ti  ta   volihun,
fer  ten tu   volunt ,
done     your will   ,

ko  i  la   juhe   e   su  tuwowe.
com in ille cel    et  sur terr  .
as  in      heaven and on  earch .

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Na    pewi-diji puan  tu  duon je-diji .
nostr per-dies  pan   tu  don  hoc-dies.
Our   everyday  bread you give today   .

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Paduwon tu  na    debihi,
pardon  tu  nostr debit ,
Forgive you our   debts ,

ko  paduwon ha  nu    na    debituwo.
com pardaon hab nostr nostr debitor .
as  we have forgotten our   debtors .

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E   tu  ne  ni    diu  entuwe tembajuon ,
et  tu  neg nostr duc  entr   temptation,
and you not us    lead into   tempation ,

bo  ni     libewiha tu edzuwoe de maliin.
ob  nostr  liberat  tu exter   de malign.
but you us liberate    out     of malign.

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Amuen.
amen .
Amen .

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• The word {vogag} [vɔ'jɑ] is short form of {vogage} [vɔ'jɑgɛ].
• Based on the omission rules, it is decided to drop the last syllable {ge} in pronunciation, but keep the {g} in the spelling.
• {g} cannot be soft, it's either hard [g] as in English {good} or silent in the ending.

• {c} is hard [k] as in English {cat}; or silent in the ending.
• {z} is for the soft {c} in Latin, but it's pronounced as [ts] in English {gets}.
• {except} => {e-k-cept-} => (-k- is compensated as final e) ; ( pt become b ) => {e-ze-be}.
• {descend} => {de-sk-en-d} => ( -sk- become ch ) ; (verb adds -a ending) => dechenda => (omit last syllable) => {dechend}.
• I would say it's kind of random choice, when turning {sc} to {sk} but ignoring the hidden {s} in {except}; it is okay to use {dezend}

• The final consonant ({l} in {parol} [pa'hɔ]) is kept in the spelling, but not pronounced; except {n} and {m}
• {dichover} is pronounced as [dizɔ'vɛ]

• The goal of this design is to fit Latin roots into consonant-vowel-with-nasal (C-V-n) syllable structure.
• It is trade-off between two options
• 1) dropping the character not fit into the (C-V-n) structure, which will lose too much info, cause conflict and hard to remember; think about {extract} become {eta}.
• 2) padding vowels, which will cause too many syllables, and too many repetition of the padding vowel; think about {extract} become {ekusuturakutu}
• So the way is to choose some "important" character of the dropped ones and merge them into another consonant or the last vowel.

• No. Deciding the way of using <g> and <c> are simply to have one-to-one relationship between spelling and pronunciation

• Yes, the stressed syllable in the original word have higher priority to be kept, and the compensating ending vowel for the stressed syllable is more likely be kept than non-stressed, because it conveys more signal.

• The language prefers Latin form than French form than English form
• The reason is Latin form uses mostly the basic 5 vowels (a,e,i,o,u).
• Although Latin distinguishes long and short vowels, but they do not make much difference.
• French and English forms have more kinds of vowels besides the basic 5 vowels, and uses diphthong more frequently, which need more compensation and changes to fit them into C-V-n structures

• Move {eu} to {u} with compenstating {-i} from {a} with compenstating {-i}
• Use modal verb suffixes, and make it optional to use natural ending-vowel
• Change the score of {g} to 3 from 2
• Add some better choices to main words

• Font and color
• Section names
• Punctuations: use curved braces to replace quotation mark
• Upper case and lower case
• Add more examples
• Use Unicode to show the phonetic symbols; Use UTF-8 encoding in Chinese version
• Fix some wrong examples
• Remove subjective sentences
• Correct the phonetic annotation [a]=>[ɑ] [e]=>[ɛ] [o]=>[ɔ]
• Add the translation of Doudouling
• Add some discussion

• Change {i-} to {g-}
• Change {ch} [z] to {ch] [j]

• IPA alignment: {h} [ŋ] > {h} [h]; {r} [h] > {w} [w]; {ph} [w] > {ts} [ts]; {z} [ts] > {j} [j]; {ch} [j] > {dz} [dz]
• Merge {th} and {ch} into {dz} [dz]
• Redesign of the ending and the stress
• Long form and short form
• Use short form when a single-syllable word is the center of phrase
• Make all key words in {C-V} format

• Use weak syllables to compensate, merge long form and short form

• Insert compensating letter combinations before the last vowel
• Stress at last vowel