pinfs huaaw ： yigz zhongtk dirq zhongtm madm lyuyx dern hanoa ziox lafs dingfz huarq fangyv anox 
mumg biaofw 
hanoa ziox yuag bianxs madm yigz duoqi duicf yingyw 
dirq zhongtm madm lyuyx 
yicw pinfs yinyi weiic jifh chudm 
anfs zhaomg hanoa ziox dern qianif simq gewh biti huaaw ， jiavm ruwz liangfv gewh eov waiqu dern ziox muxy ， yongqg yicw qudp fenwv tongmf yinyi ziox 
suanti faog 
1 .   shengtf chengdx congww hanoa ziox daoay pinfs yinyi dern yingmg shern biaogh 
weiic meitx gewh hanoa ziox xuanth zefa yigz gewh pinfs yinyi ( shirf yongqg shuif jufa yuanog A hetk shuif jufa yuanog B ) 
ruvf guomg shuif jufa yuanog B zhongmf hanwp youdm gaipy hanoa ziox ， xuanth zefa shuif jufa yuanog B zhongmf dern diti yigz gewh pinfs yinyi 
ruvf guomg shuif jufa yuanog B zhongmf budl hanwp youdm gaipy hanoa ziox ， erdm qiemg taov youdm yigz gewh 5 shengfa diaopq ( qingah shengfa ) dern pinfs yinyi ， xuanth zefa zheyw gewh pinfs yinyi 
foudl zemw ， xuanth zefa ziox dianmf shunrh xuyq dern diti yigz gewh pinfs yinyi 
2 .   shengtf chengdx biti huaaw houef zhuixa 
saofa miaofg zhengfn gewh shuif jufa yuanog A ， jipf suanti meitx yigz gewh yingfj yupf danim cipn dern chubm xiangh ciyq shuif 
3 .   shengtf chengdx pinfs yingfj madm 
xuanth qufh qianif simq gewh biti huaaw ( shirf yongqg shuif jufa yuanog C ) 
ruvf guomg biti huaaw shaoki yugh simq gewh ， yongqg lingsb ( 0 ) tianfg chongyc 
anfs zhaomg xiafy miandm dern zhuanah huanfd biaogh ， bafa simq gewh biti huaaw zhuanah huanfd weiic liangfv gewh ziox muxy 
biti huaaw daoay ziox muxy dern zhuanah huanfd biaogh 
biti huaaw 	 ziox muxy 
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shuif jufa yuanog 
A .   hanoa ziox cipn pinhh hetk pinfs yinyi   h t t p : / / l i n g u a . m t s u . e d u / c h i n e s e - c o m p u t i n g / s t a t i s t i c s / c h a r / l i s t . p h p ? W h i c h = M O   ( xiangh daira hanoa yupf danim ziox pinhh lyuyx liedc biaogh   -   dati junxa   ( j d a @ m t s u . e d u ) ) 
B .   changlw yongqg hanoa ziox dern changlw yongqg pinfs yinyi   h t t p : / / z e i n . s e / p a t r i c k / 3 0 0 0 c h a r . h t m l   ( T h e   m o s t   c o m m o n   C h i n e s e   c h a r a c t e r s   i n   o r d e r   o f   f r e q u e n c y ,   b y   ©   2 0 0 3   –   2 0 0 9   P a t r i c k   H a s s e l   Z e i n   ) 
C .   hanoa ziox biti huafn   h t t p s : / / g i t h u b . c o m / Y Q - Y S Y / s t r o k e - s e q _ M B / b l o b / m a s t e r / t e x t / % E 5 % 8 D % 9 5 % E 5 % A D % 9 7 _ % E 7 % A C % 9 4 % E 9 % A 1 % B A % E 7 % A 0 % 8 1 _ 2 9 6 8 5 % E 4 % B 8 % A A . t x t   ( laist zirn   h t t p s : / / g i t h u b . c o m / Y Q - Y S Y / s t r o k e - s e q _ M B )