Doudouling (version 2018)

Principles: compress Latin words into {C-V-N} syllables

The main idea of my artificial language is to simplify Latin words into the structure of one optional consonant plus one vowel plus one optional {n} or {m}. That is because we think this structure is the best for singing. Also, it should avoid adding too many extra strong syllables. And the spelling should be very close to the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). And the stress position should not impact the meaning of the word.

Step 1: simplify consonants and consonant clusters

Simplify consonants and consonant clusters to the consonants as below by the rules below.

Rules:

• {sp} => {ts};
• {st} => {dz};
• {sc} {sk} => {dz} (via {sti-});
• {pt} => {b};
• {ph} => {f};
• {w} => {v};
• {th} => {t};
• {c} ([s]), {x} (at the beginning of a word), {ch} ([ʃ]/[tʃ]), {ti} ([ʃ]) => {j};
• {j}, {y} => {g} (via {gi-});
• {q}, {c} ([k]), {ch} ([k]) => {k};
• {r} => {w};

For some complex clusters, add an {e} to split them, such as {partner} and {investment}.

Step 2: simplify vowels and diphthongs

Simplify the vowels and diphthongs as rules below.

Rules:

• {ao/oa} => {au} => {a};
• {ae/ea} => {ai} => {e};
• {ee} => {ei} => {i};
• {oo} => {ou} => {o};
• {oe/eo/eu} => {oi} => {u};

Convert vowel {y} to {i}; and drop some less important vowels.

Step 3: Compensate the lost sounds

If keeping only the consonant-vowel-nasal structure for each syllable, it often causes great loss of information and then create confusions. So we need to add some weak syllables between the last vowel and last nasal to compensate the lost sounds.

• Treat the final {m} as {n} with a lost {b}
• If there is no dropping, and the last vowel is not {u}, compensate {u}
• If there is no dropping, and the last vowel is {u}, compensate {o}
• If there is any dropping, add compensating suffixes in the reverse order, according to the rule table as below.

Examples

The first column is Latin word. The second column is {CVN} structure after simplification. The third column is the sounds dropped. The fourth column is Doudouling word after compensation.

Word choice

The Latin word we used are the words composed of Latin roots which appear in English.

Stress

The stress is at the rightmost vowel which is the same as the last vowel.

Center of a phrase

When a center word of a phrase is a single-syllable {C-V-N} word, it sounds not strong enough.
To make it sounds better phonetically, we add {u} or {o} after the vowel of the center word.
Examples {with me} => {ve mi} => {ve miu}; {who is he} => {ki dze go} => {ke dzeu go}; {for this} => {po ji} => {po jiu}; {the two} => {la du} => {la duo};

For each group, the first line is Doudouling; the second line is Latin roots; and the third line is English meaning.

Titehu : Babehu Tedzi, Genesiji, Bibehu
title  : babel  text , genesis , bible
Title  : Babel  Text , Genesis , Bible

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11:1

Tohi la   muhin dze de u   lien     e   de u   pawohu.
tot  illa mund  est de un  ling     et  de un  parol .
The whole earth was of one language and of one speech.

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11:2

Du  vogai  he  lu  a  la   owientahu, okuwuu he  go ke   didzovewu ha  lu  u
dur voyage hab lor ad illa oriental , occur  hab il que  discover  hab lor un
As  they journeyed east             , it happened,  that they have found    a

pahun i  la   tewu de la   Jinawu; e   vivu he  lu  di   .
plan  in illa terr de illa Shinar; et  viv  hab lor id   .
plain in the  land of      Shinar; and they lived   there.

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11:3

Dihe lu   uon  a  u  atewuwu, "Veun , ni    lajii a  fewu le  tihu  , e   li  kombudzi
dit  lor  un   ad un alter  , "ven  , nostr lax   ad fer  ill tile  , et  lor combust
They said one  to another   , "Come , let's       make        bricks, and burn them

entiwemehin." Havu lu  la   tihu  po  la   petewu, e   utilije lu  la   tawu po  la   motawuwu.
entire     ." hab  lor illa tile  pro illa petr  , et  utiliz  lor illa tar  pro illa mortar  .
thoroughly ." They had      brick for      stone , and they used   the  tar  for the  mortar  .

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11:4

Dihe lu  , "Veun, ni    lajii kondzuhiiji po  nuo   u  uvowo, e   u  tuwehiji,
dit  lor , "ven , nostr lax   construct   pro nostr un urb  , et  un turret  ,
They said, "Come, let's       build       us        a  city , and a  tower   ,

sa    kapihe awivuwu a  la   jehu, e   ni    lajii a  fewu po  nuo   u  novun;
se    capit  arrive  ad illa cele, et  nostr lax   ad fer  pro nostr un nom  ;
whose top    reaches to the  sky , and let's          make     us    a  name ;

ejevuu ke  divihe ti  nu    a  utewuwu su    la   sufajiji de tohi la    muhin."
except que divid  ten nostr ad ulter   super illa surface  de tot  illa  mund ."
lest       we be scattered  abroad     on    the  surface  of the  whole earth."

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11:5

Gehovau dedzehin  a  miwu la   uvowo e   la  tuwehiji, ke    le   infahin  de le  hovun
Jehowa  descend   ad vis  illa urb   et  la  turret  , que   illa infant   de ill hom
Yahweh  came down to see  the  city  and the tower   , which the  children of     men

kondzuhiiji ha .
construct   hab.
had built      .

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11:6

Gehova dihe, "Atenjohin, dzeu lu  u   popuho, e   havu lu   tohi u   lien    ;
Jehowa dit , "attention, est  lor un  popul , et  hab  lo   tot  un  ling    ;
Yahweh said, "Behold   , they are one people, and they have all  one language;

e   dzeu ji  ke   owiginahi lu  a  fewu. je-tevun nuho   , ke    intehin lu
et  est  hoc que  origin    lor ad fer . hoc-temp nul    , que   intend  lor
and this is  what they begin    to do  . Now      nothing, which they intend

a  fewu, wesidzi ti  va  ba   luo  .
ad fer , resist  ten vas ab   lor  .
to do  , will be withheld from them.

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11:7

Veun, ni    lajii dedzehin, e   di    konfuji lo    lien    ,
Ven , nostr lax   descend , et  id    confus  lor   ling    ,
Come, let's       down    , and there confuse their language,

da   ne  pohi lu  kompehehijin la   pawohu de u  atewuwu."
ad   neg pot  lor comprehend   illa parol  de un alter  ."
that they may not understand   one another's speech     ."

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11:8

Da Gehovau li  divihe     a  utewuwu de   diu   a  la   sufajiji de tohi la   muhin.
ad Jehowa  lor divid      ad ulter   de   id    ad illa surface  de tot  illa mund .
So Yahweh  scattered them abroad     from there on the  surface  of all  the  earth.

Wedzi lu     a  kondzuhiiji la   uvowo.
Rest  lor    ad construct   illa urb  .
They stopped building       the  city .

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11:9

Da        sa novun       apehuu ti  ko  Babehu, ba      Gehovau konfuji  la
ad        se nom         appel  ten com Babel , ab      Jehowa  confus   illa
Therefore the name of it was called as  Babel , because Yahweh  confused the

lien     de tohi la   muhin, diu  . De   diu  , Gehovau li  divihe     a  utewuwu
ling     de tot  illa mund , id   . De   id   , Jehowa  lor divida     ad ulter
language of all  the  earth, there. From there, Yahweh  scattered them abroad

su    la   sufajiji de tohi la   muhin.
super illa surface  de tot  illa mund .
on    the  surface  of all  the  earth.

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Titehu : Na    Patewu
title  : nostr patr
Title  : Our   Father

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Na    patewu i  la   jehu  ,
nostr patr   in illa cel   ,
Our   fater  in      heaven,

sahin dze ta   novun.
sant  est tu   nom  .
saint is  your name .

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Veun ta   wegivun,
ven  tu   regime ,
Come your kingdom,

fewu ti  ta   voluhin,
fer  ten tu   volunt ,
done     your will   ,

ko  i  la   jehu   e   su  tewuwu.
com in ille cel    et  sur terr  .
as  in      heaven and on  earch .

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Na    pewi-dije paun  tu  doun je-dije .
nostr per-dies  pan   tu  don  hoc-dies.
Our   everyday  bread you give today   .

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Padowun tu  na    debihe,
pardon  tu  nostr debit ,
Forgive you our   debts ,

ko  padowun ha  nu    na    debitowu.
com pardaon hab nostr nostr debitor .
as  we have forgotten our   debtors .

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E   tu  ne  ni    dui  entewu tembajoun ,
et  tu  neg nostr duc  entr   temptation,
and you not us    lead into   tempation ,

bo  ni    libewahi tu edzewuu de malien.
ob  nostr liberat  tu exter   de malign.
but you us liberate   out     of malign.

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Ameun.
amen .
Amen .

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• The word {vogag} [vɔ'jɑ] is short form of {vogage} [vɔ'jɑgɛ].
• Based on the omission rules, it is decided to drop the last syllable {ge} in pronunciation, but keep the {g} in the spelling.
• {g} cannot be soft, it's either hard [g] as in English {good} or silent in the ending.

• {c} is hard [k] as in English {cat}; or silent in the ending.
• {z} is for the soft {c} in Latin, but it's pronounced as [ts] in English {gets}.
• {except} => {e-k-cept-} => (-k- is compensated as final e) ; ( pt become b ) => {e-ze-be}.
• {descend} => {de-sk-en-d} => ( -sk- become ch ) ; (verb adds -a ending) => dechenda => (omit last syllable) => {dechend}.
• I would say it's kind of random choice, when turning {sc} to {sk} but ignoring the hidden {s} in {except}; it is okay to use {dezend}

• The final consonant ({l} in {parol} [pa'hɔ]) is kept in the spelling, but not pronounced; except {n} and {m}
• {dichover} is pronounced as [dizɔ'vɛ]

• The goal of this design is to fit Latin roots into consonant-vowel-with-nasal (C-V-n) syllable structure.
• It is trade-off between two options
• 1) dropping the character not fit into the (C-V-n) structure, which will lose too much info, cause conflict and hard to remember; think about {extract} become {eta}.
• 2) padding vowels, which will cause too many syllables, and too many repetition of the padding vowel; think about {extract} become {ekusuturakutu}
• So the way is to choose some "important" character of the dropped ones and merge them into another consonant or the last vowel.

• No. Deciding the way of using <g> and <c> are simply to have one-to-one relationship between spelling and pronunciation

• Yes, the stressed syllable in the original word have higher priority to be kept, and the compensating ending vowel for the stressed syllable is more likely be kept than non-stressed, because it conveys more signal.

• The language prefers Latin form than French form than English form
• The reason is Latin form uses mostly the basic 5 vowels (a,e,i,o,u).
• Although Latin distinguishes long and short vowels, but they do not make much difference.
• French and English forms have more kinds of vowels besides the basic 5 vowels, and uses diphthong more frequently, which need more compensation and changes to fit them into C-V-n structures

• Move {eu} to {u} with compenstating {-i} from {a} with compenstating {-i}
• Use modal verb suffixes, and make it optional to use natural ending-vowel
• Change the score of {g} to 3 from 2
• Add some better choices to main words

• Font and color
• Section names
• Punctuations: use curved braces to replace quotation mark
• Upper case and lower case
• Add more examples
• Use Unicode to show the phonetic symbols; Use UTF-8 encoding in Chinese version
• Fix some wrong examples
• Remove subjective sentences
• Correct the phonetic annotation [a]=>[ɑ] [e]=>[ɛ] [o]=>[ɔ]
• Add the translation of Doudouling
• Add some discussion

• Change {i-} to {g-}
• Change {ch} [z] to {ch] [j]

• IPA alignment: {h} [ŋ] > {h} [h]; {r} [h] > {w} [w]; {ph} [w] > {ts} [ts]; {z} [ts] > {j} [j]; {ch} [j] > {dz} [dz]
• Merge {th} and {ch} into {dz} [dz]
• Redesign of the ending and the stress
• Long form and short form
• Use short form when a single-syllable word is the center of phrase
• Make all key words in {C-V} format

• Use weak syllables to compensate, merge long form and short form